During the COVID-19 pandemic, the current study investigated how preschoolers' screen time factored into family dynamics, anxiety/withdrawal tendencies, and approaches to learning. Caregivers of 3- to 6-year-old children, numbering 764, were recruited from nine preschools in Wuhan, China, the epicenter of the pandemic. These participants, with an average age of 5907 months (standard deviation = 1228 months), included 403 boys and 361 girls. Using path analysis, an exploration was undertaken to examine the impact of familial attributes on children's screen time during the pandemic, and to subsequently analyze the relationships between screen time, children's anxiety/withdrawal, and their approaches to learning. Children who utilized interactive screens, like tablets, for extended durations exhibited higher anxiety/withdrawal and lower rates of positive learning behaviors. Surprisingly, the children who spent more time on passive screen activities, like watching television, displayed decreased anxiety and withdrawal tendencies. Furthermore, a correlation existed between children's screen time and family characteristics, specifically, children from more chaotic family backgrounds with fewer restrictions on screen time spent more time on screens following the pandemic. During the pandemic, the frequent use of interactive screens, exemplified by tablets and smartphones, might negatively affect young children's learning and overall wellbeing, as indicated by the findings. Preemptive measures to mitigate potential negative consequences necessitate regulating preschoolers' screen time by establishing rules for their interactive screen use and improving the household routines surrounding total screen time.

The act of recalling and narrating past events is known as reminiscence. Relatively few studies explore the connection between reminiscence processes and trauma-induced cognitive patterns and emotional responses. An investigation into the prevalence of different reminiscence types during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their association with the likelihood of post-traumatic growth (PTG) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), was undertaken in this study, using an adult sample, aiming to extend prior literature. The Reminiscence Functions Scale assessed the reasons 184 participants (mean age 3038; SD 1095) shared experiences during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic's first two waves were gauged through completion of the COVID-Transitional Impact Scale, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, the Revised Form of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Oprozomib Significantly more instances of pro-social and self-positive reminiscence occurred in the data compared to self-negative reminiscence, as the results demonstrated. Nonetheless, these distinctions evaporated when the presence of the COVID virus was contained. Pro-social and self-positive reminiscing exhibited a significant correlation with Post-Traumatic Growth, independent of demographic factors, COVID-19 effects, social support, and resilience. Conversely, solely self-deprecating reminiscences were predictive of PTSD, exceeding the influence of COVID-19's impact and demographic factors. Prosocial reminiscence's contribution to post-traumatic growth (PTG), as ascertained through serial mediation analysis, was facilitated by its connection to resilience and perceived social support. neonatal infection The efficacy of reminiscence therapy-style interventions in fostering post-traumatic growth and diminishing post-traumatic stress disorder, especially in the wake of large-scale disasters like pandemics, is highlighted by our findings.

Unprecedented mental distress and severe insomnia plagued front-line nurses as a direct consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study undertook an examination of the link between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep quality, including an exploration of the potential mediating role of psychological flexibility. An online cross-sectional survey, including 496 nurses from a large-scale Chinese Class 3A hospital, assessed the revised Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R), Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The observed relationship, as expected, revealed a negative association between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and psychological flexibility and sleep quality, and a positive association between psychological flexibility and sleep quality. Moreover, psychological flexibility partially mediates the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep quality, suggesting implications for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and insomnia, and potentially impacting clinical and psychotherapeutic interventions.

Current work settings are characterized by an increasing merging of work and personal life boundaries, leading to spillover effects which detrimentally influence employee recovery and well-being. While the research area is evolving, the processes within the leadership-wellbeing relationship are deemed under-researched. This study, thus, aimed to gain a more thorough insight into how leadership shapes the relationship between employees' professional and personal lives, and their overall well-being. To effectively analyze these ongoing processes, a longitudinal research design is paramount. To the best of our understanding, no existing review can guide longitudinal investigations into the connection between leadership and employee well-being, particularly concerning spillover and recovery mechanisms. To map the research landscape, we synthesize 21 identified studies using a narrative approach, adhering to the PRISMA Extension for scoping reviews. Three significant contributions are presented here. Firstly, we employ an integrated resource-demands based process viewpoint and extend the study of the leadership-employee well-being connection by encompassing spillover and recovery aspects. Secondly, we categorize and analyze the applied theoretical concepts and the gaps in the explored research areas. Third, we provide a listing of the issues arising from the application of methodologies and their potential solutions to further the development of research in this area. Immune mechanism Data from various studies reveal a dominant negative conflict perspective in work-nonwork research, markedly distinct from the emphasis placed on positive leadership styles, outnumbering those focused on negative aspects. Mechanisms investigated fall under two major categories: those that promote or impede, and those that buffer or bolster. Consequently, the findings highlight the importance of personal energy sources and thereby advocate for more research into theories driven by emotional factors. Further investigation is required to adequately capture the perspectives of working parents, given the prominent roles of IT and healthcare sectors. We suggest recommendations to advance future research, both in its theoretical underpinnings and methodological applications.

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on psychological futures was examined in this study, focusing on the differences between unemployed and employed individuals. Two prior datasets, one comprised of data on the unemployed and the other on employed individuals, served as the source of data utilized. A process of pairing participants from the two datasets was executed, prioritizing shared gender, similar ages, and comparable educational levels. The sample under analysis comprised 352 participants, 176 of whom were unemployed and 176 employed. The Future Time Orientation Scale and the Life Project Scale measured the psychological future. Regarding the unemployed individuals' sample, both scales exhibited a stable metric across all occupational statuses. A satisfactory fit was achieved for the partial scalar model once the intercepts of a single item per scale were liberated. In opposition to the hypothesized relationship, the assessment of unemployed individuals, when juxtaposed with employed workers, did not indicate lower rates across the evaluated elements of their anticipated psychological future. Oppositely, for specific variables, the rates were even more substantial among unemployed individuals. The following section covers the limitations and unexpected results.
The supplementary materials, accessible online, are located at 101007/s12144-023-04565-6.
Supplementary material, part of the online document, is accessible via the link 101007/s12144-023-04565-6.

This research project sought to explore the direct and indirect effects of student engagement in school, the school's environment, and parental approaches on children's acting out behaviors. Employing a quantitative methodology, data were gathered from a sample of 183 Portuguese students, aged 11 to 16 years. Externalizing behaviors were negatively correlated with increased school engagement and a positive school environment, according to the primary findings. The presence of poor parental supervision, inconsistent discipline, and corporal punishment was positively associated with externalizing behaviors, in contrast to the protective effect of parental involvement and positive parenting strategies on the incidence of such behaviors. In contrast, negative parental practices were found to correlate with a decrease in the degree of student participation in educational activities. Furthermore, the findings suggested that parenting strategies could impact adolescents' externalizing behaviors, mediated by their involvement in school activities.

This study explores the relationship between adolescent gaming behaviors and associated health risks during a period characterized by limited social interaction and physical activity, a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. From October 1st to 30th, 2021, an online survey was undertaken by 225 middle school students and 225 high school students in Seoul, totaling 450 participants. Game usage levels and health-related risk behavior indices among participants formed the subject of the study.